{"id":2314,"date":"2023-07-03T09:00:29","date_gmt":"2023-07-03T13:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jhmilesandassociates.com\/?p=2314"},"modified":"2023-07-03T23:34:57","modified_gmt":"2023-07-04T03:34:57","slug":"tapping-into-your-sources-of-power","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jhmilesandassociates.com\/staging08112026\/tapping-into-your-sources-of-power\/","title":{"rendered":"Tapping into Your Sources of Power"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">If you watch the evening news or read current events online, you will have no problem finding situations that need to change. However, if you are like most people, you feel powerless to do anything about them \u2014 especially if you lack wealth and social status. While it may be common to feel this way, social psychologists John French and Bertram Raven would disagree. They believed that all human beings possess the ability to influence others, and in 1959, the two men developed a framework for understanding the different sources of power people can draw from.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What is now known as the French Raven Theory originally consisted of five bases of power: legitimate, reward, expert, referent, and coercive. Raven later added the informational base of power in 1965. Since that time, the framework has undergone significant developments, and a seventh power dynamic has been added \u2014 connection power. According to the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/worldofwork.io\/2019\/08\/french-and-ravens-forms-of-power\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">World of Work Project<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> all seven powers share the same set of rules:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">They must be gained before they can be used.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">They are obtained in a variety of ways.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Each form of power has its own distinct characteristics and requirements.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">They affect ongoing relationships with those being influenced.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The forms of power have different levels of effectiveness depending on the people involved.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">French and Raven&#8217;s bases of power are divided into two main groups: positional and personal. Positional power is authoritative and is based upon a person\u2019s title, rank, or position. Therefore, legitimate, reward, and coercive powers all fall within this category. Positional power can be dangerous as people are granted broad authority, and even leaders with the best of intentions may end up abusing it. Although their power can be taken away, it is not always easy to do so, and consequences for bad behavior may be delayed or completely non-existent. Because society places great importance on positional power, our lives are made more difficult.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Personal power, on the other hand, lies within us. Motivational speaker and self-development author <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.briantracy.com\/blog\/personal-success\/personal-power\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Brian Tracy<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> defines personal power as the ability to influence others with the intrinsic values we possess \u2014 such as confidence, attitude, self-awareness, talent, skill, and wisdom. The only way we can lose this form of power is by giving it away. Referent, expert, and informational power all fall within this category because they come from personal attributes or experiences rather than from formal authority. Because we all possess some form of personal power, we do not need to hold a high-ranking position to affect change in our own lives or in the lives of those around us. Personal power is the most influential power anyone can have as it is the primary source of strength for achieving both our individual and professional goals.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Learning about each source of power is important as it helps us to understand who we are and what we have to offer in the workplace. Truly effective leaders use a mixture of the different forms of power to gain greater influence, boost employee engagement, and achieve better results for their organizations. While knowing how to use our personal and positional power is a skill that comes with time and experience, we can begin the process by recognizing the different forms of power being used around us and pushing back on the those that are negative.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Reward Power<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">As its name suggests, reward power gives a leader the authority to hand out rewards to employees. Psychiatrist <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.psu.edu\/leadership\/2014\/10\/08\/reward-power-proceed-with-caution\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Michael Robinson<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> defines reward power as \u201ca leader\u2019s ability to motivate his subordinates by providing incentives for performance in the form of resources.\u201d For example, when managers or supervisors offer a bonus to the highest performing employees, they are exercising their reward power.<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">This type of power can be a powerful motivator, but Robinson warns that if it is used improperly, it can give employees an unwarranted sense of self-importance, which can breed resentment and harm morale.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Coercive Power<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Coercion is one of the least desirable forms of power because it uses force, threats, intimidation, and punishment to stimulate an outcome. An example is a supervisor who threatens to fire an employee for leaving work early. Sources of coercive power include control over resources, disciplinary measures, and hierarchical position. While such tactics may seem effective,\u00a0 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/bethestrategicpm.com\/french-and-ravens6-sources-of-power\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Strategic Project Manager<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> points out that forcing people to comply often stimulates resistance. As a result, coercive power works only if it is used judiciously \u2014 as a way of adding discipline that will help in the long run.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Legitimate Power<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">People have legitimate power when they hold an office or job title that grants them formal authority over subordinates within an organization. Because it comes from an organizational role or position, it is a form of positional power. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/gobookmart.com\/types-of-power-in-leadership\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">GoBookMart<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> explains that chief executive officers (CEOs) hold the highest level of legitimate power in an organization as they have the authority to make strategic decisions, set the company\u2019s vision, and allocate resources. Elected government officials \u2014 such as presidents, prime ministers, and other elected officials \u2014 also possess legitimate power, which is granted by their positions and backed by legal or formal mandates. A final example of legitimate power is a military leader, such as a general or admiral. The leader\u2019s rank and position grant him or her the authority to give orders and command troops. While legitimate power provides a clear and established framework for decision-making, it is contingent upon the leader\u2019s position within an organization and ends when he or she leaves or retires.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Information Power<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">When a person has the ability to access information that is not available to everyone, he or she has information power. According to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oxfordreference.com\/display\/10.1093\/acref\/9780191843273.001.0001\/acref-9780191843273-e-156;jsessionid=42507C0454C3DF8E06BA3849C59D94C3#:~:text=The%20power%20held%20by%20someone,it%20as%20a%20personal%20power.\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Oxford Reference<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, this form of power can be positional or personal depending upon the circumstances. It is a source of personal power when the information comes from an individual\u2019s brain rather than from formal authority. An example would be someone who uses his personal knowledge of prices to gain power during a negotiation. However, when a leader gains access to and control of information through his or her position at work, it becomes a source of positional power. For instance, if an administrative assistant has access to a confidential report that lists the names of workers who will be laid off, he or she has positional information power. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Expert Power<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">While information power is distinguished by access to specific and\/or limited information, expert power is based on a vast amount of skill or knowledge. According to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mindtools.com\/aln0a1z\/building-expert-power\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">MindTools<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, \u201cYou gain expert power when you show a high level of knowledge or a great level of skill that people around you see, need, and want. They will likely come to you for advice and want to follow your lead.\u201d For example, if only one employee in a department knows how to run the software, he or she has the expert power in that situation.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Referent Power<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A form of personal power that stems from a leader&#8217;s ability to inspire and influence others is called referent power. It is acquired from being well-liked or respected by those around you. For example, a human resources associate may gain referent power by working to ensure that employees are treated fairly and coming to the rescue of those who are not. An article in <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/forbestechcouncil\/2019\/10\/04\/how-do-you-build-referent-power-leaders-in-your-business\/?sh=f2283be7a369\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Forbes<\/span><\/i><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> suggests that those who want to obtain referent power should strive to excel in four areas: a proven track record, a reputation for being fair, modeling good behavior, and demonstrating strong interpersonal skills. To build strong referent power leaders, companies must develop a similar framework, bolster it with a good assessment mechanism, and then utilize the results for ongoing coaching and evaluation.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Connection Power<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">When an employee attains influence through networking, building relationships, or gaining the favor of a powerful person, he or she has connection power. According to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/gobookmart.com\/types-of-power-in-leadership\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">GoBookMart<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, this type of power \u201cis based on the leader\u2019s social capital, the breadth and depth of their professional relationships, and their ability to connect individuals or groups to valuable resources, opportunities, or influential contacts.\u201d Let\u2019s say that you are interested in transferring to another department at work, so you mention it to a couple of colleagues who are already in that department. Since you have built positive professional relationships with them, both colleagues put in a good word for you with their supervisor. A few days later, you are offered a position in their department. This is an example of using your connection power to reach a goal.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In general, it can be said that everyone holds some form of power and influence over others, regardless of social status or job title. Understanding the different forms of power will not only help you avoid being influenced by those who use the less positive ones, but it will also strengthen your ability to develop your own personal and positional powers. If you or your company would like to learn more, consider enrolling in our one-day course <a href=\"https:\/\/jhmilesandassociates.com\/2020\/09\/increasing-your-personal-power\/\">Increasing Your Personal Power<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you watch the evening news or read current events online, you will have no problem finding situations that need to change. However, if you are like most people, you&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2328,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","content-type":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[33,32,36,35,34],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-2314","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-bases-of-power","tag-french-raven-theory","tag-increasing-personal-power","tag-influence-and-relationships","tag-personal-power"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"If you watch the evening news or read current events online, you will have no problem finding situations that need to change. 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